Time and Space in Formal Logic

Preface Logic and Language 1 Propositions and Inferences 2 Logic and Language Temporal Propositional Connectives 3 Times and Propositions 4 Temporal Connectives 5 Time as an Ordering 6 Classical Propositional Logic witt Temporal Connectives 7 Reduced Models 8 An Axiom System 9 Examples of Formalizing 10 Other Orderings of Time 11 Past, Present, and Future Quantifying over Relative Times 12 Quantifying over Relative Times via Indices 13 Examples of Formalizing Time in Predicate Logic 14 The Timelessness of Classical Predicate Logic 15 Time and Reference in Predicate Logic 16 Times as Things 17 Basic Assumptions about Time 18 Times and Predications 19 Identity and the Equality Predicate 20 When Things Exist 21 The Logic QT 22 Examples of Formalizing: The Nature of Time 23 The Internal Structure of Atomic Predicates Formalizing with Quantifying over Times 24 Quasi-Linear Time 25 Formalizing English Tenses 26 Examples of Formalizing: Context of Utterance and Tenses 27 Examples of Formalizing: Existence 28 Examples of Formalizing: Attributes 29 Relativizing Quantifiers 30 Examples of Formalizing: Meaning Axioms 31 Examples of Formalizing: How Many Times 32 Examples of Formalizing: The Internal Structure of Predicates and Names 33 Measuring Time? 34 Other Tenses 35 The Habitual Space in Predicate Logic 36 Things in Time and Space 37 Locations 38 References to Things, Times, and Locations Are Independent 39 Assumptions about Locations 40 True in a Location 41 Locational Predicates 42 Existence in Space and Time 43 Where Things Are 44 A Formal Logic 45 Semantics 46 An Axiom System 47 Examples of Formalizing: The Nature of Space 48 Informal Examples 49 Examples of Formalizing 50 Location-Orienting Predicates 51 Parts of Physical Things Metaphysical Bases of Logics of Time and Space Appendices Tenses as Propositional Operators The Tapestry of Time Events Intentions Descriptive Names Bibliography Index of Examples Index of Notation Index